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《三国演义》的畅销和嘉靖本序言"庶几乎史"的理论导向,以及嘉靖万历时期书商的运作,使抄袭拼凑的创作方式成为讲史小说的主流,并由此在理论和写作两方面陷入自相矛盾的两难境地。与此同时,这种对素材的人为分割和组合,以及其引发的理论纷争,又在客观上使讲史小说进入到对"虚"、"实"关系认识的自觉阶段。因而,在叙事操作层面形成了明代历史题材特殊的"过渡创作"期。而此时期功利化的创作和虚构情节的粗糙与简化,亦从反方向推动了虚构观念的理性趋向。
Abstract：Due to the best-selling of The Romance of the Three Kingdoms,the theoretical orientation of "almost to be history" in the preface of Emperor Jiajing's version,and the booksellers' operation during the period of Emperor Jiajing and Emperor Wanli,the creative mode of plagiarizing and piecing became the mainstream of historical novels,which led to the self-contradictory dilemma in the both aspects of theory and creation.At the same time,the man-made segmentation and combination of the historical materials and the theoretical debate caused by it made the historical novels objectively step into the conscious stage of recognizing the relationship between fiction and reality,as a result of which the transition stage of creating historical novels in the Ming Dynasty came into being in the aspect of narration.On the contrary,the utility of creation and the roughness and simplicity of fiction plots in this period drove the rational tendency of fiction concept.
①于其序言和写作风格原因，《隋唐》出现时间可能在嘉、隆之间，参见孙楷第、彭知辉及纪德君等相关论述。而据《列国》三台馆万历刊本中余邵鱼及余象斗序言，可知此书当有更早版本于嘉靖间刊行。
②分见熊大木《大宋中兴演义序》、李大年《唐书演义序》和余邵鱼《题全像列国志传引》，引自丁锡根《中国历代小说序跋集》，人民文学出版社，1996年版。
③有关明代小说的刊刻销售情况，可参看潘建国《明清时期通俗小说的读者与传播方式》(《复旦学报》2001年第1期)和王平《论明清时期小说传播的基本特征》(《文史哲》2003年第6期)等文。
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[2]罗贯中.三国志通俗演义[M].上海:上海古籍出版社,1980:1-2.
[3]欧阳健.历史小说史[M].杭州:浙江古籍出版社,2003:154.
[4]纪德君.中国历史小说的艺术流变[M].北京:中国社会科学出版社,2002:131
[5]孙楷第.日本东京所见通俗小说书目[M].上海:上杂出版社,1953:59.
[6]黄霖,韩同文.中国历代小说论著选[M].南昌:江西人民出版社,2000:167-168,173.
基本信息:
DOI：10.16700/j.cnki.cn41-1157/c.2009.01.011
中图分类号:I207.41
引用信息:
[1]苏焘.明代讲史小说叙事操作的过渡与自觉[J].南都学坛,2009,29(01):51-53.DOI:10.16700/j.cnki.cn41-1157/c.2009.01.011.
2009-01-10
2009-01-10