南都学坛

“仁义”一词有广义和狭义之分，春秋战国时期诸子百家的论述虽各有不同，但普遍探讨其在人生伦理与政治伦理中的作用。韩非的功利仁义观与儒家的美德仁义观存在区别，且提出了全新的内涵和标准。韩非的仁义观可以从两个方面解析：一方面，义是顺应变化的道理之宜，仁是一种具有功利实效的爱，但不可避免地带有谋求私利的成分；另一方面，仁义建立在人性逐利的本质之上，并以法术诱导作为施行方式，因此难以避免普通个体更倾向于私利的弊端。由此观之，韩非的仁义与儒家的以道德情感为基础、以礼乐教育为方式，兼重个人品格培养与社会价值实现的仁义是有显著差异的。然而，若能以功利之仁义提升制度绩效与问责、以美德之仁义培育伦理认同与自觉，两者互补即可为现代治理实践提供兼具效能与正当性的启示。

The term “Ren and Yi”(仁义) has both a general and a specific meaning. The discussions on this term by various philosophers during the Spring and Autumn and Warring States periods(770-476 B.C.) differ, yet all encompass the realm of both personal and political ethics. Han Fei's utilitarian view of Ren and Yi contrasts with the Confucian view of virtuous Ren and Yi. This paper aims to highlight the new connotations and standards of “Ren and Yi” proposed by Han Fei(韩非), which distinguish them from those of Confucianism and Mohism. Exploring Han Fei's view of Ren and Yi helps to further clarify the non-moralistic tendencies within his ethical thought. Han Fei's concept of Ren and Yi can be analyzed in two aspects. On one hand, Yi is the adaptation to the changing circumstances of what is appropriate, while Ren is the self-interested love for things; on the other hand, Ren and Yi are utilitarian, based on human nature's pursuit of self-interest, using legalistic methods and focusing on private gains, unlike the Confucian view which is based on virtuous emotions, uses rites and music education, and emphasizes the cultivation and practice of personal character. Both the utilitarian and virtuous views of Ren and Yi have their value, and contemporary governance can draw on and integrate both approaches.